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Markham , a city in the Regional Municipality of York, lies within the Greater Toronto Area of Southern Ontario, Canada. At the 2011 Canadian census it had a population of 301,709.〔 Markham's population in 2015 was estimated at 342,000 through The Region of York population census data monitoring . The city is the fourth-largest community within the Greater Toronto Area after Toronto, Mississauga and Brampton. Markham changed its status from town to city on July 1, 2012.〔("Markham to change from town to city" ). CBC News, May 30, 2012.〕 The city gained its name from the first Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada, John Graves Simcoe (in office 1791–1796), who named the area after his friend, William Markham, the Archbishop of York from 1776 to 1807. The first European settlement in Markham occurred when William Berczy, a German artist and developer, led a group of approximately sixty-four German families to North America. While they initially planned to settle in New York, disputes over finances and land tenure there would eventually lead to Berczy to negotiate with Simcoe for in Markham Township in 1794.〔 〕 Through much of Markham's history the community has been described as an agricultural community. A turn towards a more urbanized community within the township began after World War II when the township had begun to feel the effects of urban encroachment from Toronto. The completion of Highway 404 during the mid-1970s further accelerated urban development in Markham.〔 〕 tertiary industry mainly drives Markham. "business services" employed the largest proportion of workers in Markham – nearly 22% of its labour force. The city also has over 900 technology and life-sciences companies, with IBM as the city's largest employer.〔 〕〔 〕 A number of multinational companies also have their Canadian headquarters located in Markham, including: Honda Canada, Hyundai,〔http://www.hyundaicanada.com/contact-us.aspx〕 Advanced Micro Devices,〔 〕 American Express,〔 〕 Johnson & Johnson, Avaya, IBM,〔 〕 Motorola,〔 〕 Oracle,〔(Contact Oracle )〕 Toshiba,〔 〕 Toyota Financial Services 〔http://www.toyota.ca/cgi-bin/WebObjects.exe/WWW.woa/3/wo/Home.TFS-SFvB7tBzfnLyd2bSuvEgb0/0.5?a150700e%2ehtml〕 and Honeywell. ==History== (詳細はtownship in 1793 by William Berczy, who in 1794 led 75 German families including the Ramers, Reesors, Wheters, Burkholders, Bunkers, Wicks and Lewis from Upstate New York to an area of Markham now known as German Mills.〔For a complete history, cf. Isabel Champion, ed., ''(Markham: 1793-1900 )'' (Markham, ON: Markham Historical Society, 1979).〕 Each family was granted of land; however due lack to roads in the region many opted to settle in York (now Toronto) and Niagara. German Mills later became a ghost town. Between 1803 to 1812, another attempt at settling in the region was made. The largest group of settlers were Pennsylvania Dutch, most of whom were Mennonites. These highly skilled craftsmen and knowledgeable farmers were able to settle the region and founded Reesorville, named after the Mennonite settler Joseph Reesor.〔See I. Champion, ''(Markham: 1793-1900 )'' (Markham, ON: Markham Historical Society, 1979), p. 248; also (Markham Village - A Brief History 1800-1919 ), Markham Public Library (website).〕 In 1825, Reesorville was renamed to Markham having taken the name of the unincorporated village (see Markham Village, Ontario). By 1830, a large influx of Irish, Scottish and English families began immigrating to Upper Canada, many settling in Markham.〔For a complete history of Markham's early years, cf. Isabel Champion, ed., (Markham: 1793-1900 ) (Markham, ON: Markham Historical Society, 1979).〕 Markham's early years blended the rigours of the frontier with the development of agriculture-based industries. The many rivers and streams in the township soon supported water-powered saw and gristmills and later wooden mills. With improved transportation routes, such as the construction of Yonge Street in the 1800s, along with the growing population, urbanization increased. In 1842 the township population was 5,698; were under cultivation (second highest in the province), and the township had eleven gristmills and twenty-four sawmills.〔(Markham ), ''Canadian Gazetteer'' (Toronto: Roswell, 1849), 111.〕 By 1850, the first form of structured municipal government formed in Markham.〔Cf. C.P. Mulvany, et al, (The Township of Markham ), ''History of Toronto and County of York, Ontario'' (Toronto: C.B. Robinson, 1885), 114ff.〕 By 1857, most of the township had been cleared of timber and was under cultivation. Villages like Thornhill, Unionville, and Markham greatly expanded.〔Cf. the detailed 1878 map, (Township of Markham ), ''Illustrated historical atlas of the county of York and the township of West Gwillimbury & town of Bradford in the county of Simcoe, Ont.'' (Toronto : Miles & Co., 1878).〕 In 1851 Markham Village "was a considerable village, containing between eight and nine hundred inhabitants, pleasantly situated on the Rouge River. It contains two grist mills ... a woollen factory, oatmeal mill, barley mill, and distillery, foundry, two tanneries, brewery, etc., a temperance hall and four churches... ."〔C.P. Mulvany, et al., "(The Village of Markham )," ''History of Toronto and County of York, Ontario'' (Toronto: C.B. Robinson, 1885), p. 198.〕 In 1871, with a township population of 8,152,〔C.P. Mulvany, et al., "(The Township of Markham )," ''History of Toronto and County of York, Ontario'' (Toronto: C.B. Robinson, 1885), p. 121.〕 the Toronto and Nipissing Railway built the first rail line to Markham Village and Unionville, which is still used today by the GO Transit commuter services. In 1972, Markham was incorporated as a town, as its population skyrocketed due to urban sprawl from Toronto. In 1976, Markham's population was approximately 56,000. Since that time, the population has more than quintupled with explosive growth in new subdivisions. Much of Markham's farmland has now disappeared, but is still found north of Major Mackenzie Drive. Controversy over the development of the environmentally sensitive Oak Ridges Moraine will likely curb development north of Major Mackenzie Drive. As of 2006, Markham comprises six major communities, which include Berczy Village, Cornell, Markham Village, Milliken, Thornhill, and Unionville. Since the 1980s, the city has been recognized as a suburb of Toronto. Many high-tech companies have head offices located in Markham for the relative abundance of land, low tax rates and good transportation routes. Broadcom Canada, ATI Technologies (now known as AMD Graphics Product Group), IBM Canada, Motorola Canada, Honeywell Canada and many other well-known companies have chosen Markham as their home in Canada. Hence, the city has been branding itself as Canada's "High-Tech Capital". An Ontario Historical Plaque was erected in front of the Markham Museum by the province to commemorate the founding of Markham's role in Ontario's heritage. Town council voted on May 29, 2012, to officially change Markham's legal designation from "town" to "city"; according to councillor Alex Chiu, who introduced the motion, the change of designation merely reflects the fact that many people already think of Markham as a city.〔 Some residents objected to the change because it will involve unknown costs without any demonstrated benefits. The designation officially took effect on July 1.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Markham, Ontario」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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